Logic gates cbse class 12 physics investigatory project. Problems 10 to 17 are on exor, exnor and other gates. Exnor or xnor, function is achieved by combining standard gates together to form more complex gate functions and an example of a 2input exclusivenor gate is given below the digital logic exnor gate 2input exnor gate. So if you find this articles helpful, please let us know in the comment box, either if any. Then the output of a digital logic exclusivenor gate only goes high when its two input terminals, a and b are at the same logic level which can be either at.
I have attached the complete project report for your reference and you can download it for free here. The xnor gate is a digital logic gate whose function is the logical complement of the exclusive or xor gate. The and, or, nand, and nor gates can be extended to have more than two inputs. Key topics presented in logic gates cbse class 12 physics. Quad 2input exclusivenor gate with opencollector outputs.
Ex nor or xnor, function is achieved by combining standard gates together to form more complex gate functions and an example of a 2input exclusive nor gate is given below the digital logic ex nor gate 2input ex nor gate. The operation exnor checks for the exclusively in the value of the two signals a and b. The operation ex nor checks for the exclusively in the value of the two signals a and b. The output is high when both inputs a and b are high and when neither a nor b is high. The outputs are fully buffered for the highest noise immunity and pattern insensitivity to output impedance. In the previous tutorial, we looked at and gates, or gates and signals in vhdl. When all the input combinations of a logic gate are written. As the basic and gate implements the boolean addition, while or gate implements boolean multiplication and not implements inversion function, there is no such boolean function defined by the xnor. This tutorial covers the remaining gates, namely nand, nor, xor and xnor gates in vhdl.
At any given moment, every terminal is in one of the two binary conditions false high or true low. A high output 1 results if both the inputs to the gate are low 0. For n input lines, log n base2 selection lines, or we can say that for 2 n input lines, n selection lines are required. Nor gate is the combinational operations of or gate followed by a not gate. This video shows the nand gate and then the nor gate implemented on the home. Implementing and using only nor gates an and gate can be replaced by nor gates as shown in the figure the and gate is replaced by a nor gate with all its inputs complemented by nor gate inverters thus, the nor gate is a universal gate since it can implement the and, or and not functions. The other problem i have is how do i type in the gate symbols as well i would be most garteful for any suggestions thanks guys jdr04. The opencollector outputs permit tying outputs together for multiplebit comparisons.
Physics iii year manonmaniam sundaranar university. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output and are based on boolean algebra. If boolean function has only one term then implement by observation. Here you will get the articles of mechanical engineering in brief with some key points and you will get to know an enormous amount of knowledge from it. Now to make a nor gate, using 4 mosfets just like the nand gate. Click on the inputs on the bottom to toggle their state. A logic gate is a building block of a digital circuit. Dm7402 quad 2input nor gates physical dimensions inches millimeters unless otherwise noted 14lead plastic dualinline package pdip, jedec ms001, 0. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in.
So today we will study the complete details on logic gates not, or, and, nor, nand, xor, x nor gate, pdf. The interconnection of gates to perform a variety of logical operation is called logic design. Logic gates and, or, not, nor, nand, xor, xnor gates. Multiplexers are also known as data n selector, parallel to serial convertor, many to one circuit, universal logic circuit. Logic gates and truth table different types of logic gates such as and, or, not, nand, xor, xnor, nor etc and their truth tables and diagram. The operation of exclusive nor gate is reciprocal to the exclusive or gates operation. Logic gates and truth table and, or, not, nor, nand, xor. Basically logic gates are electronic circuits because they are made up of. The nor gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical nor it behaves according to the truth table to the right. The xnor gate sometimes xornt, enor, exnor or nxor and pronounced as exclusive nor is a digital logic gate whose function is the logical complement of the exclusive or gate.
How an nor gate can be using to replace an and gate, an or gate or an inverter gate. In some of the networks the two inputs of the nand gate have been connected together to make a single input. This device contains four independent gates each of which performs the logic exclusivenor function. Pdf ma 0157c brake failure indicator pin diagram of exnor gate exnor din 50016 pin diagram of 3 input exnor gate exnor ic for exnor gate ic exnor ed45 1n4004. Logic nor gate tutorial with logic nor gate truth table. To study and verify the truth tables of and, or, not, nand, nor. Digital circuit are frequently constructed with nand or nor gates rather than and and or. Hence we need only 4 nor gates to implement xnor gate and we require 5 nor gates to implement xor gate with 5 th nor gate used as inverter and placed in front of 4 th nor gate. This is an nor gate implemented using transistortransistor logic.
The hef4077b operates over a recommended vdd power supply range of 3 v to 15 v. The small circle on the output of the circuit symbols designates the logic complement. Nor gate is used to construct the basic gates similar to and gate. The exnor function is a combination of different basic logic gates exor and a not gate, and by using the 2input truth table above, we can expand the exnor function to. Universal gate nand and nor gate as universal gates. The ls266 is comprised of four independent 2input exclusivenor gates with opencollector outputs. Logic nor gate tutorial the logic nor gate gate is a combination of the digital logic or gate and an inverter or not gate connected together in series the inclusive nor notor gate has an output that is normally at logic level 1 and only goes low to logic level 0. One of the main disadvantages of implementing the exor function above is that it contains three different types logic gates or, nand and and within its design one easier way of producing the exor function from a single gate is to use the universal gates nand gate or nor gates as shown below exor function realisation using nand gates. Exclusivenor gate tutorial with exnor gate truth table. See supplementary power point file for animated cmos process flow should be viewed as a slide show, not designed for printing part ii. The operation of exclusive nor gate is reciprocal to the exclusive or gate s operation. Lab6 designing nand, nor, and xor gates for use to. I would like to know what the process for deriving this would look like.
In the logic diagram add bubbles small circles in front input side of and ga. Q implement 2 variable xnor gate using nor only in minimum number of gates. The ex nor function is a combination of different basic logic gates ex or and a not gate, and by using the 2input truth table above, we can expand the ex nor function to. A high output 1 results if both of the inputs to the. Nor gate this is a notor gate which is equal to an or gate followed by a not gate. How to design a full adder using only nor gates quora. How to derive xor from only nor gates physics forums. So today we will study the complete details on logic gatesnot, or, and, nor, nand, xor, xnor gate, pdf. Its truth table is prepared and designed using nor gate. Realization of alloptical xor, nor, and nand gates in single format by using semiconductor optical amplifiers article pdf available in japanese journal of applied physics 461 january 2007. Inputs also include clamp diodes that enable the use of current limiting resistors to interface inputs to voltages in excess of. Q implement 2 variable xnor gate using nor only in.
Exnor gate circuit diagram and working explanation. What is logic gate and, or, xor, not, nand, nor and xnor. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Hi, through some searching and guessing with logisim i was able to see how to build a xor gate from only nor gates. Mosfet gate operation gate capacitance gatesubstrate parallel plate. So we can see that all the three basic gates can be made by only using nand gates, thats why this gate is called universal gate, and it is appropriate. Logic gate actually the term logic is applied to digital circuits used to implement logic functions. The symbol is an and gate with a small circle on the output.
The truth table of exnor gate is show in below figure. If we observe the operation of xnor gate, we can say that the xnor gate output will be high when both the inputs are not same and will. It can also in some senses be seen as the inverse of an and gate. Dm7486 quad 2input exclusiveor gate physical dimensions inches millimeters unless otherwise noted 14lead plastic dualinline package pdip, jedec ms001, 0. Nor gate is the logic gate and is one of the universal gates. The outputs of all nor gates are low if any of the inputs are high. By combining not gate and or gate, nor gate can be constructed.
Logic gates are electronic circuits which perform logical functions on one or more inputs to produce one output. Using ltspice and irsim, here are the simulations of the logical operation of the gate for all 4 possible input. Nor is the result of the negation of the or operator. The exclusiveor gate is abbreviated as exor gate or sometime as xor gate. The jed file is for configuring the home made cpld board.
To make it easy, just copy and change the schematic file used for the nand gate, to avoid tediuos work. The twoinput version implements logical equality, behaving according to the truth table to the right, and hence the gate is sometimes called an equivalence gate. Logic gates not, or, and, nor, nand, xor, xnor gate, pdf. In exnor gate the output will be high if both inputs are either high or low. It can be used in the half adder, full adder and subtractor. It may have two or more inputs and produces only one output. A truth table lists all possible combination of inputs and the.
Quad 2input exclusivenor gates with open collector outputs. A nor gate is a logic gate which gives a positive output only when both inputs are negative like nand gates, nor gates are socalled universal gates that can be combined to form any other kind of logic gate. Verification and interpretation of truth tables for and, or, not, nand, nor exclusive or exor, exclusive nor exnor gates apparatus. Friends, heres a great physics investigatory project for class 12 students. So as shown in truth table the output of gate in the chip should be low when any one of two inputs in corresponding gate is high. The term gate is used to describe a circuit that performs a basic logic operation.